（2007年8月30日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议通过　2007年8月30日中华人民共和国主席令第六十九号公布　自2007年11月1日起施行）

 

 

第一章　总则

第二章　预防与应急准备

第三章　监测与预警

第四章　应急处置与救援

第五章　事后恢复与重建

第六章　法律责任

第七章　附则 

 

第一章　总则

　　第一条　为了预防和减少突发事件的发生，控制、减轻和消除突发事件引起的严重社会危害，规范突发事件应对活动，保护人民生命财产安全，维护国家安全、公共安全、环境安全和社会秩序，制定本法。

　　第二条　突发事件的预防与应急准备、监测与预警、应急处置与救援、事后恢复与重建等应对活动，适用本法。

　　第三条　本法所称突发事件，是指突然发生，造成或者可能造成严重社会危害，需要采取应急处置措施予以应对的自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件和社会安全事件。

　　按照社会危害程度、影响范围等因素，自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件分为特别重大、重大、较大和一般四级。法律、行政法规或者国务院另有规定的，从其规定。

　　突发事件的分级标准由国务院或者国务院确定的部门制定。

　　第四条　国家建立统一领导、综合协调、分类管理、分级负责、属地管理为主的应急管理体制。

　　第五条　突发事件应对工作实行预防为主、预防与应急相结合的原则。国家建立重大突发事件风险评估体系，对可能发生的突发事件进行综合性评估，减少重大突发事件的发生，最大限度地减轻重大突发事件的影响。

　　第六条　国家建立有效的社会动员机制，增强全民的公共安全和防范风险的意识，提高全社会的避险救助能力。

　　第七条　县级人民政府对本行政区域内突发事件的应对工作负责；涉及两个以上行政区域的，由有关行政区域共同的上一级人民政府负责，或者由各有关行政区域的上一级人民政府共同负责。

　　突发事件发生后，发生地县级人民政府应当立即采取措施控制事态发展，组织开展应急救援和处置工作，并立即向上一级人民政府报告，必要时可以越级上报。

　　突发事件发生地县级人民政府不能消除或者不能有效控制突发事件引起的严重社会危害的，应当及时向上级人民政府报告。上级人民政府应当及时采取措施，统一领导应急处置工作。

　　法律、行政法规规定由国务院有关部门对突发事件的应对工作负责的，从其规定；地方人民政府应当积极配合并提供必要的支持。

　　第八条　国务院在总理领导下研究、决定和部署特别重大突发事件的应对工作；根据实际需要，设立国家突发事件应急指挥机构，负责突发事件应对工作；必要时，国务院可以派出工作组指导有关工作。

　　县级以上地方各级人民政府设立由本级人民政府主要负责人、相关部门负责人、驻当地中国人民解放军和中国人民武装警察部队有关负责人组成的突发事件应急指挥机构，统一领导、协调本级人民政府各有关部门和下级人民政府开展突发事件应对工作；根据实际需要，设立相关类别突发事件应急指挥机构，组织、协调、指挥突发事件应对工作。

　　上级人民政府主管部门应当在各自职责范围内，指导、协助下级人民政府及其相应部门做好有关突发事件的应对工作。

　　第九条　国务院和县级以上地方各级人民政府是突发事件应对工作的行政领导机关，其办事机构及具体职责由国务院规定。

　　第十条　有关人民政府及其部门作出的应对突发事件的决定、命令，应当及时公布。

　　第十一条　有关人民政府及其部门采取的应对突发事件的措施，应当与突发事件可能造成的社会危害的性质、程度和范围相适应；有多种措施可供选择的，应当选择有利于最大程度地保护公民、法人和其他组织权益的措施。

　　公民、法人和其他组织有义务参与突发事件应对工作。

　　第十二条　有关人民政府及其部门为应对突发事件，可以征用单位和个人的财产。被征用的财产在使用完毕或者突发事件应急处置工作结束后，应当及时返还。财产被征用或者征用后毁损、灭失的，应当给予补偿。

　　第十三条　因采取突发事件应对措施，诉讼、行政复议、仲裁活动不能正常进行的，适用有关时效中止和程序中止的规定，但法律另有规定的除外。

　　第十四条　中国人民解放军、中国人民武装警察部队和民兵组织依照本法和其他有关法律、行政法规、军事法规的规定以及国务院、中央军事委员会的命令，参加突发事件的应急救援和处置工作。

　　第十五条　中华人民共和国政府在突发事件的预防、监测与预警、应急处置与救援、事后恢复与重建等方面，同外国政府和有关国际组织开展合作与交流。

　　第十六条　县级以上人民政府作出应对突发事件的决定、命令，应当报本级人民代表大会常务委员会备案；突发事件应急处置工作结束后，应当向本级人民代表大会常务委员会作出专项工作报告。

第二章　预防与应急准备

　　第十七条　国家建立健全突发事件应急预案体系。

　　国务院制定国家突发事件总体应急预案，组织制定国家突发事件专项应急预案；国务院有关部门根据各自的职责和国务院相关应急预案，制定国家突发事件部门应急预案。

　　地方各级人民政府和县级以上地方各级人民政府有关部门根据有关法律、法规、规章、上级人民政府及其有关部门的应急预案以及本地区的实际情况，制定相应的突发事件应急预案。

　　应急预案制定机关应当根据实际需要和情势变化，适时修订应急预案。应急预案的制定、修订程序由国务院规定。

　　第十八条　应急预案应当根据本法和其他有关法律、法规的规定，针对突发事件的性质、特点和可能造成的社会危害，具体规定突发事件应急管理工作的组织指挥体系与职责和突发事件的预防与预警机制、处置程序、应急保障措施以及事后恢复与重建措施等内容。

　　第十九条　城乡规划应当符合预防、处置突发事件的需要，统筹安排应对突发事件所必需的设备和基础设施建设，合理确定应急避难场所。

　　第二十条　县级人民政府应当对本行政区域内容易引发自然灾害、事故灾难和公共卫生事件的危险源、危险区域进行调查、登记、风险评估，定期进行检查、监控，并责令有关单位采取安全防范措施。

　　省级和设区的市级人民政府应当对本行政区域内容易引发特别重大、重大突发事件的危险源、危险区域进行调查、登记、风险评估，组织进行检查、监控，并责令有关单位采取安全防范措施。

　　县级以上地方各级人民政府按照本法规定登记的危险源、危险区域，应当按照国家规定及时向社会公布。

　　第二十一条　县级人民政府及其有关部门、乡级人民政府、街道办事处、居民委员会、村民委员会应当及时调解处理可能引发社会安全事件的矛盾纠纷。

　　第二十二条　所有单位应当建立健全安全管理制度，定期检查本单位各项安全防范措施的落实情况，及时消除事故隐患；掌握并及时处理本单位存在的可能引发社会安全事件的问题，防止矛盾激化和事态扩大；对本单位可能发生的突发事件和采取安全防范措施的情况，应当按照规定及时向所在地人民政府或者人民政府有关部门报告。

　　第二十三条　矿山、建筑施工单位和易燃易爆物品、危险化学品、放射性物品等危险物品的生产、经营、储运、使用单位，应当制定具体应急预案，并对生产经营场所、有危险物品的建筑物、构筑物及周边环境开展隐患排查，及时采取措施消除隐患，防止发生突发事件。

　　第二十四条　公共交通工具、公共场所和其他人员密集场所的经营单位或者管理单位应当制定具体应急预案，为交通工具和有关场所配备报警装置和必要的应急救援设备、设施，注明其使用方法，并显著标明安全撤离的通道、路线，保证安全通道、出口的畅通。

　　有关单位应当定期检测、维护其报警装置和应急救援设备、设施，使其处于良好状态，确保正常使用。

　　第二十五条　县级以上人民政府应当建立健全突发事件应急管理培训制度，对人民政府及其有关部门负有处置突发事件职责的工作人员定期进行培训。

　　第二十六条　县级以上人民政府应当整合应急资源，建立或者确定综合性应急救援队伍。人民政府有关部门可以根据实际需要设立专业应急救援队伍。

　　县级以上人民政府及其有关部门可以建立由成年志愿者组成的应急救援队伍。单位应当建立由本单位职工组成的专职或者兼职应急救援队伍。

　　县级以上人民政府应当加强专业应急救援队伍与非专业应急救援队伍的合作，联合培训、联合演练，提高合成应急、协同应急的能力。

　　第二十七条　国务院有关部门、县级以上地方各级人民政府及其有关部门、有关单位应当为专业应急救援人员购买人身意外伤害保险，配备必要的防护装备和器材，减少应急救援人员的人身风险。

　　第二十八条　中国人民解放军、中国人民武装警察部队和民兵组织应当有计划地组织开展应急救援的专门训练。

　　第二十九条　县级人民政府及其有关部门、乡级人民政府、街道办事处应当组织开展应急知识的宣传普及活动和必要的应急演练。

　　居民委员会、村民委员会、企业事业单位应当根据所在地人民政府的要求，结合各自的实际情况，开展有关突发事件应急知识的宣传普及活动和必要的应急演练。

　　新闻媒体应当无偿开展突发事件预防与应急、自救与互救知识的公益宣传。

　　第三十条　各级各类学校应当把应急知识教育纳入教学内容，对学生进行应急知识教育，培养学生的安全意识和自救与互救能力。

　　教育主管部门应当对学校开展应急知识教育进行指导和监督。

　　第三十一条　国务院和县级以上地方各级人民政府应当采取财政措施，保障突发事件应对工作所需经费。

　　第三十二条　国家建立健全应急物资储备保障制度，完善重要应急物资的监管、生产、储备、调拨和紧急配送体系。

　　设区的市级以上人民政府和突发事件易发、多发地区的县级人民政府应当建立应急救援物资、生活必需品和应急处置装备的储备制度。

　　县级以上地方各级人民政府应当根据本地区的实际情况，与有关企业签订协议，保障应急救援物资、生活必需品和应急处置装备的生产、供给。

　　第三十三条　国家建立健全应急通信保障体系，完善公用通信网，建立有线与无线相结合、基础电信网络与机动通信系统相配套的应急通信系统，确保突发事件应对工作的通信畅通。

　　第三十四条　国家鼓励公民、法人和其他组织为人民政府应对突发事件工作提供物资、资金、技术支持和捐赠。

　　第三十五条　国家发展保险事业，建立国家财政支持的巨灾风险保险体系，并鼓励单位和公民参加保险。

　　第三十六条　国家鼓励、扶持具备相应条　件的教学科研机构培养应急管理专门人才，鼓励、扶持教学科研机构和有关企业研究开发用于突发事件预防、监测、预警、应急处置与救援的新技术、新设备和新工具。

第三章　监测与预警

　　第三十七条　国务院建立全国统一的突发事件信息系统。

　　县级以上地方各级人民政府应当建立或者确定本地区统一的突发事件信息系统，汇集、储存、分析、传输有关突发事件的信息，并与上级人民政府及其有关部门、下级人民政府及其有关部门、专业机构和监测网点的突发事件信息系统实现互联互通，加强跨部门、跨地区的信息交流与情报合作。

　　第三十八条　县级以上人民政府及其有关部门、专业机构应当通过多种途径收集突发事件信息。

　　县级人民政府应当在居民委员会、村民委员会和有关单位建立专职或者兼职信息报告员制度。

　　获悉突发事件信息的公民、法人或者其他组织，应当立即向所在地人民政府、有关主管部门或者指定的专业机构报告。

　　第三十九条　地方各级人民政府应当按照国家有关规定向上级人民政府报送突发事件信息。县级以上人民政府有关主管部门应当向本级人民政府相关部门通报突发事件信息。专业机构、监测网点和信息报告员应当及时向所在地人民政府及其有关主管部门报告突发事件信息。

　　有关单位和人员报送、报告突发事件信息，应当做到及时、客观、真实，不得迟报、谎报、瞒报、漏报。

　　第四十条　县级以上地方各级人民政府应当及时汇总分析突发事件隐患和预警信息，必要时组织相关部门、专业技术人员、专家学者进行会商，对发生突发事件的可能性及其可能造成的影响进行评估；认为可能发生重大或者特别重大突发事件的，应当立即向上级人民政府报告，并向上级人民政府有关部门、当地驻军和可能受到危害的毗邻或者相关地区的人民政府通报。

　　第四十一条　国家建立健全突发事件监测制度。

　　县级以上人民政府及其有关部门应当根据自然灾害、事故灾难和公共卫生事件的种类和特点，建立健全基础信息数据库，完善监测网络，划分监测区域，确定监测点，明确监测项目，提供必要的设备、设施，配备专职或者兼职人员，对可能发生的突发事件进行监测。

　　第四十二条　国家建立健全突发事件预警制度。

　　可以预警的自然灾害、事故灾难和公共卫生事件的预警级别，按照突发事件发生的紧急程度、发展势态和可能造成的危害程度分为一级、二级、三级和四级，分别用红色、橙色、黄色和蓝色标示，一级为最高级别。

　　预警级别的划分标准由国务院或者国务院确定的部门制定。

　　第四十三条　可以预警的自然灾害、事故灾难或者公共卫生事件即将发生或者发生的可能性增大时，县级以上地方各级人民政府应当根据有关法律、行政法规和国务院规定的权限和程序，发布相应级别的警报，决定并宣布有关地区进入预警期，同时向上一级人民政府报告，必要时可以越级上报，并向当地驻军和可能受到危害的毗邻或者相关地区的人民政府通报。

　　第四十四条　发布三级、四级警报，宣布进入预警期后，县级以上地方各级人民政府应当根据即将发生的突发事件的特点和可能造成的危害，采取下列措施：

　　（一）启动应急预案；

　　（二）责令有关部门、专业机构、监测网点和负有特定职责的人员及时收集、报告有关信息，向社会公布反映突发事件信息的渠道，加强对突发事件发生、发展情况的监测、预报和预警工作；

　　（三）组织有关部门和机构、专业技术人员、有关专家学者，随时对突发事件信息进行分析评估，预测发生突发事件可能性的大小、影响范围和强度以及可能发生的突发事件的级别；

　　（四）定时向社会发布与公众有关的突发事件预测信息和分析评估结果，并对相关信息的报道工作进行管理；

　　（五）及时按照有关规定向社会发布可能受到突发事件危害的警告，宣传避免、减轻危害的常识，公布咨询电话。

　　第四十五条　发布一级、二级警报，宣布进入预警期后，县级以上地方各级人民政府除采取本法第四十四条规定的措施外，还应当针对即将发生的突发事件的特点和可能造成的危害，采取下列一项或者多项措施：

　　（一）责令应急救援队伍、负有特定职责的人员进入待命状态，并动员后备人员做好参加应急救援和处置工作的准备；

　　（二）调集应急救援所需物资、设备、工具，准备应急设施和避难场所，并确保其处于良好状态、随时可以投入正常使用；

　　（三）加强对重点单位、重要部位和重要基础设施的安全保卫，维护社会治安秩序；

　　（四）采取必要措施，确保交通、通信、供水、排水、供电、供气、供热等公共设施的安全和正常运行；

　　（五）及时向社会发布有关采取特定措施避免或者减轻危害的建议、劝告；

　　（六）转移、疏散或者撤离易受突发事件危害的人员并予以妥善安置，转移重要财产；

　　（七）关闭或者限制使用易受突发事件危害的场所，控制或者限制容易导致危害扩大的公共场所的活动；

　　（八）法律、法规、规章规定的其他必要的防范性、保护性措施。

　　第四十六条　对即将发生或者已经发生的社会安全事件，县级以上地方各级人民政府及其有关主管部门应当按照规定向上一级人民政府及其有关主管部门报告，必要时可以越级上报。

　　第四十七条　发布突发事件警报的人民政府应当根据事态的发展，按照有关规定适时调整预警级别并重新发布。

　　有事实证明不可能发生突发事件或者危险已经解除的，发布警报的人民政府应当立即宣布解除警报，终止预警期，并解除已经采取的有关措施。

第四章　应急处置与救援

　　第四十八条　突发事件发生后，履行统一领导职责或者组织处置突发事件的人民政府应当针对其性质、特点和危害程度，立即组织有关部门，调动应急救援队伍和社会力量，依照本章的规定和有关法律、法规、规章的规定采取应急处置措施。

　　第四十九条　自然灾害、事故灾难或者公共卫生事件发生后，履行统一领导职责的人民政府可以采取下列一项或者多项应急处置措施：

　　（一）组织营救和救治受害人员，疏散、撤离并妥善安置受到威胁的人员以及采取其他救助措施；

　　（二）迅速控制危险源，标明危险区域，封锁危险场所，划定警戒区，实行交通管制以及其他控制措施；

　　（三）立即抢修被损坏的交通、通信、供水、排水、供电、供气、供热等公共设施，向受到危害的人员提供避难场所和生活必需品，实施医疗救护和卫生防疫以及其他保障措施；

　　（四）禁止或者限制使用有关设备、设施，关闭或者限制使用有关场所，中止人员密集的活动或者可能导致危害扩大的生产经营活动以及采取其他保护措施；

　　（五）启用本级人民政府设置的财政预备费和储备的应急救援物资，必要时调用其他急需物资、设备、设施、工具；

　　（六）组织公民参加应急救援和处置工作，要求具有特定专长的人员提供服务；

　　（七）保障食品、饮用水、燃料等基本生活必需品的供应；

　　（八）依法从严惩处囤积居奇、哄抬物价、制假售假等扰乱市场秩序的行为，稳定市场价格，维护市场秩序；

　　（九）依法从严惩处哄抢财物、干扰破坏应急处置工作等扰乱社会秩序的行为，维护社会治安；

　　（十）采取防止发生次生、衍生事件的必要措施。

　　第五十条　社会安全事件发生后，组织处置工作的人民政府应当立即组织有关部门并由公安机关针对事件的性质和特点，依照有关法律、行政法规和国家其他有关规定，采取下列一项或者多项应急处置措施：

　　（一）强制隔离使用器械相互对抗或者以暴力行为参与冲突的当事人，妥善解决现场纠纷和争端，控制事态发展；

　　（二）对特定区域内的建筑物、交通工具、设备、设施以及燃料、燃气、电力、水的供应进行控制；

　　（三）封锁有关场所、道路，查验现场人员的身份证件，限制有关公共场所内的活动；

　　（四）加强对易受冲击的核心机关和单位的警卫，在国家机关、军事机关、国家通讯社、广播电台、电视台、外国驻华使领馆等单位附近设置临时警戒线；

　　（五）法律、行政法规和国务院规定的其他必要措施。

　　严重危害社会治安秩序的事件发生时，公安机关应当立即依法出动警力，根据现场情况依法采取相应的强制性措施，尽快使社会秩序恢复正常。

　　第五十一条　发生突发事件，严重影响国民经济正常运行时，国务院或者国务院授权的有关主管部门可以采取保障、控制等必要的应急措施，保障人民群众的基本生活需要，最大限度地减轻突发事件的影响。

　　第五十二条　履行统一领导职责或者组织处置突发事件的人民政府，必要时可以向单位和个人征用应急救援所需设备、设施、场地、交通工具和其他物资，请求其他地方人民政府提供人力、物力、财力或者技术支援，要求生产、供应生活必需品和应急救援物资的企业组织生产、保证供给，要求提供医疗、交通等公共服务的组织提供相应的服务。

　　履行统一领导职责或者组织处置突发事件的人民政府，应当组织协调运输经营单位，优先运送处置突发事件所需物资、设备、工具、应急救援人员和受到突发事件危害的人员。

　　第五十三条　履行统一领导职责或者组织处置突发事件的人民政府，应当按照有关规定统一、准确、及时发布有关突发事件事态发展和应急处置工作的信息。

　　第五十四条　任何单位和个人不得编造、传播有关突发事件事态发展或者应急处置工作的虚假信息。

　　第五十五条　突发事件发生地的居民委员会、村民委员会和其他组织应当按照当地人民政府的决定、命令，进行宣传动员，组织群众开展自救和互救，协助维护社会秩序。

　　第五十六条　受到自然灾害危害或者发生事故灾难、公共卫生事件的单位，应当立即组织本单位应急救援队伍和工作人员营救受害人员，疏散、撤离、安置受到威胁的人员，控制危险源，标明危险区域，封锁危险场所，并采取其他防止危害扩大的必要措施，同时向所在地县级人民政府报告；对因本单位的问题引发的或者主体是本单位人员的社会安全事件，有关单位应当按照规定上报情况，并迅速派出负责人赶赴现场开展劝解、疏导工作。

　　突发事件发生地的其他单位应当服从人民政府发布的决定、命令，配合人民政府采取的应急处置措施，做好本单位的应急救援工作，并积极组织人员参加所在地的应急救援和处置工作。

　　第五十七条　突发事件发生地的公民应当服从人民政府、居民委员会、村民委员会或者所属单位的指挥和安排，配合人民政府采取的应急处置措施，积极参加应急救援工作，协助维护社会秩序。

第五章　事后恢复与重建

　　第五十八条　突发事件的威胁和危害得到控制或者消除后，履行统一领导职责或者组织处置突发事件的人民政府应当停止执行依照本法规定采取的应急处置措施，同时采取或者继续实施必要措施，防止发生自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件的次生、衍生事件或者重新引发社会安全事件。

　　第五十九条　突发事件应急处置工作结束后，履行统一领导职责的人民政府应当立即组织对突发事件造成的损失进行评估，组织受影响地区尽快恢复生产、生活、工作和社会秩序，制定恢复重建计划，并向上一级人民政府报告。

　　受突发事件影响地区的人民政府应当及时组织和协调公安、交通、铁路、民航、邮电、建设等有关部门恢复社会治安秩序，尽快修复被损坏的交通、通信、供水、排水、供电、供气、供热等公共设施。

　　第六十条　受突发事件影响地区的人民政府开展恢复重建工作需要上一级人民政府支持的，可以向上一级人民政府提出请求。上一级人民政府应当根据受影响地区遭受的损失和实际情况，提供资金、物资支持和技术指导，组织其他地区提供资金、物资和人力支援。

　　第六十一条　国务院根据受突发事件影响地区遭受损失的情况，制定扶持该地区有关行业发展的优惠政策。

　　受突发事件影响地区的人民政府应当根据本地区遭受损失的情况，制定救助、补偿、抚慰、抚恤、安置等善后工作计划并组织实施，妥善解决因处置突发事件引发的矛盾和纠纷。

　　公民参加应急救援工作或者协助维护社会秩序期间，其在本单位的工资待遇和福利不变；表现突出、成绩显著的，由县级以上人民政府给予表彰或者奖励。

　　县级以上人民政府对在应急救援工作中伤亡的人员依法给予抚恤。

　　第六十二条　履行统一领导职责的人民政府应当及时查明突发事件的发生经过和原因，总结突发事件应急处置工作的经验教训，制定改进措施，并向上一级人民政府提出报告。

第六章　法律责任

　　第六十三条　地方各级人民政府和县级以上各级人民政府有关部门违反本法规定，不履行法定职责的，由其上级行政机关或者监察机关责令改正；有下列情形之一的，根据情节对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分：

　　（一）未按规定采取预防措施，导致发生突发事件，或者未采取必要的防范措施，导致发生次生、衍生事件的；

　　（二）迟报、谎报、瞒报、漏报有关突发事件的信息，或者通报、报送、公布虚假信息，造成后果的；

　　（三）未按规定及时发布突发事件警报、采取预警期的措施，导致损害发生的；

　　（四）未按规定及时采取措施处置突发事件或者处置不当，造成后果的；

　　（五）不服从上级人民政府对突发事件应急处置工作的统一领导、指挥和协调的；

　　（六）未及时组织开展生产自救、恢复重建等善后工作的；

　　（七）截留、挪用、私分或者变相私分应急救援资金、物资的；

　　（八）不及时归还征用的单位和个人的财产，或者对被征用财产的单位和个人不按规定给予补偿的。

　　第六十四条　有关单位有下列情形之一的，由所在地履行统一领导职责的人民政府责令停产停业，暂扣或者吊销许可证或者营业执照，并处五万元以上二十万元以下的罚款；构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予处罚：

　　（一）未按规定采取预防措施，导致发生严重突发事件的；

　　（二）未及时消除已发现的可能引发突发事件的隐患，导致发生严重突发事件的；

　　（三）未做好应急设备、设施日常维护、检测工作，导致发生严重突发事件或者突发事件危害扩大的；

　　（四）突发事件发生后，不及时组织开展应急救援工作，造成严重后果的。

　　前款规定的行为，其他法律、行政法规规定由人民政府有关部门依法决定处罚的，从其规定。

　　第六十五条　违反本法规定，编造并传播有关突发事件事态发展或者应急处置工作的虚假信息，或者明知是有关突发事件事态发展或者应急处置工作的虚假信息而进行传播的，责令改正，给予警告；造成严重后果的，依法暂停其业务活动或者吊销其执业许可证；负有直接责任的人员是国家工作人员的，还应当对其依法给予处分；构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予处罚。

　　第六十六条　单位或者个人违反本法规定，不服从所在地人民政府及其有关部门发布的决定、命令或者不配合其依法采取的措施，构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予处罚。

　　第六十七条　单位或者个人违反本法规定，导致突发事件发生或者危害扩大，给他人人身、财产造成损害的，应当依法承担民事责任。

　　第六十八条　违反本法规定，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

第七章　附则

　　第六十九条　发生特别重大突发事件，对人民生命财产安全、国家安全、公共安全、环境安全或者社会秩序构成重大威胁，采取本法和其他有关法律、法规、规章规定的应急处置措施不能消除或者有效控制、减轻其严重社会危害，需要进入紧急状态的，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会或者国务院依照宪法和其他有关法律规定的权限和程序决定。

　　紧急状态期间采取的非常措施，依照有关法律规定执行或者由全国人民代表大会常务委员会另行规定。

　　第七十条　本法自2007年11月1日起施行。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

附件：

中华人民共和国突发事件应对法 Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China 

 

 

颁布日期：20070830 　实施日期：20071101 　颁布单位：全国人大常委会  

 

　　Order of the President of the People’s Republic of China

　　No. 69

　　The Emergency Response Law of the People’s Republic of China, adopted at the 29th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on August 30, 2007, is hereby promulgated and shall go into effect as of November 1, 2007.

　　Hu Jintao

　　President of the People’s Republic of China

　　August 30, 2007

　　Emergency Response Law of the People’s Republic of China

　　(Adopted at the 29th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People’s Congress on August 30, 2007)

　　Contents

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Prevention of, and Preparation for Response to, Emergencies

　　Chapter III Monitoring and Early Warning

　　Chapter IV Emergency Handling, and Rescue and Relief

　　Chapter V Post-Emergency Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of preventing and reducing the occurrence of emergencies, controlling, mitigating and eliminating the serious social harm caused by emergencies, regulating the activities in response to emergencies, protecting the lives and property of the people, and maintaining national security, public security, environmental safety and public order.

　　Article 2 This Law is applicable to prevention of and preparation for response to emergencies, monitoring and early warning, emergency handling, rescue and relief, and post-emergency rehabilitation and reconstruction, and other activities in response to emergencies.

　　Article 3 For the purposes of this Law, emergencies include natural disasters, calamitous accidents, public health accidents and public security incidents, which occur abruptly and cause or may potentially cause serious social harm and for which measures for handling emergencies need to be adopted.

　　According to the degree of social harm done and the extent of repercussions and other factors, calamitous accidents and public health accidents are classified in four grades: especially serious, serious, relatively serious and common. Where laws, administrative regulations or regulations of the State Council provide otherwise, the provisions there shall prevail.

　　The standards for classifying the grades of emergencies shall be formulated by the State Council or the department designated by the State Council.

　　Article 4 The State establishes a system for administration of emergency response, which is characterized by unified leadership, all-round coordination, control according to grades, responsibility at different levels and, chiefly, territorial jurisdiction.

　　Article 5 The principle of giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with emergency response shall be adhered to in coping with emergencies. The State establishes a risk assessment system for serious emergencies, in order to make comprehensive assessment of potential emergencies, reduce the chance of their occurrence and mitigate their repercussions to the maximum extent.

　　Article 6 The State establishes an effective social mobilization mechanism, enhances all citizens’ awareness of the importance of public security and risk prevention, and helps increase the ability of the entire society to avoid risks and give assistance.

　　Article 7 The people’s governments at the county level shall be responsible for responding to emergencies which occur within their own administrative areas; where two or more administrative areas are involved in an emergency, the people’s government at the next higher level, which the people’s governments of the said administrative areas are subordinate to, shall assume responsibility, or the people’s governments at the next higher level of the respective people’s governments of the said administrative areas shall jointly assume responsibility.

　　After an emergency occurs, the people’s government at the county level at the place where the emergency occurs shall, take immediate measures to keep the development of the situation under control, organize efforts for emergency rescue, relief and handling and, without delay, report the matter to the people’s government at the next higher level or, when necessary, do so by bypassing the people’s government at the next higher level.

　　Where the people’s government at the county level at the place where an emergency occurs is unable to eliminate or keep under effective control the serious social harm caused by the emergency, it shall, in a timely manner, report the matter to the people’s government at a higher level, which shall take timely measures and exercise unified leadership in handling the emergency.

　　Where laws or administrative regulations provide that the relevant department of the State Council should take charge of responding to an emergency, such provisions shall prevail; and the local people’s governments shall cooperate in a proactive way and provide the necessary support. Article 8 The State Council shall, under the leadership of the Premier, study, decide on, and make deployment for, response to especially serious emergencies; it shall, in light of actual need, establish a national command for emergency response, which shall be responsible for work in this respect; and when necessary, it may send a work team to guide the relevant work.

　　Every local people’s government at or above the county level shall establish a command for emergency response, which is composed of the principal leading persons of the said government, the leading persons of the departments concerned and the relevant leading persons of the units of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and of the People’s Armed Police Force stationed there, to exercise unified leadership and coordinate the efforts of the relevant departments of the said people’s government and the people’s governments at lower levels in responding to emergencies; and it shall, in light of actual need, establish commands commensurate with the specific grades of emergencies, which shall organize, coordinate and direct the work in this respect.

　　The competent departments of the people’s government at a higher level shall, within the limits of their respective duties, give guidance and assistance to the people’s governments at lower levels and their relevant departments in making a success of the response to emergencies.

　　Article 9 The State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be the leading administrative organs for response to emergencies, and their working bodies and specific duties of such bodies shall be defined by the State Council.

　　Article 10 The decisions made and orders issued by the relevant people’s government and its departments in response to emergencies shall be made known to the public in a timely manner.

　　Article 11 The measures taken by the relevant people’s government and its departments in response to an emergency shall be commensurate with the nature, seriousness and extent of the social harm that may be caused by the emergency; and where there are more than one options available for choice, the one that is advantageous to protection of the rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations to the maximum extent shall be chosen.

　　Citizens, legal persons and other organizations shall be obligated to participate in responding to emergencies.

　　Article 12 To respond to an emergency, the relevant people’s government and its departments may expropriate the property of units and individuals. After the use of the expropriated property or completion of the handling of the emergency, the property shall be returned to the owner in a timely manner. Where property is expropriated or the expropriated property is damaged or lost, compensation shall be made therefor.

　　Article 13 Where litigation, administrative reconsideration or arbitration cannot be conducted normally because of the adoption of emergency response measures, the provisions on suspension of limitation period or of proceedings shall apply, unless otherwise provided for by law.

　　Article 14 The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and the militia shall participate in emergency rescue, relief and handling in accordance with the provisions of this Law and of the relevant laws, administrative regulations and military regulations, as well as the orders issued by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

　　Article 15 The Government of the People’s Republic of China shall carry out cooperation and exchange with the governments of other countries and the international organizations concerned in matters of emergency prevention, monitoring, early warning, emergency handling, rescue and relief, and post-emergency rehabilitation and reconstruction.

　　Article 16 The decisions made and orders issued by the people’s government at or above the county level in response to an emergency shall be submitted for the record to the standing committee of the people’s congress at the corresponding level; and after handling of the emergency is completed, the said government shall make a special report on the work to the said standing committee.

　　Chapter II Prevention of, and Preparation for Response to, Emergencies

　　Article 17 The State establishes a sound precautionary system for emergency response.

　　The State Council shall be responsible for making the overall precautionary plans in response to national emergencies and organizing the making of special precaution plans in response to specific national emergencies; and the relevant departments of the State Council shall, in compliance with their respective duties and the relevant precautionary plans made by the State Council, be responsible for making their departmental precautionary plans in response to national emergencies.

　　Local people’s governments at all levels and the relevant departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations, rules, and the precautionary plans in response to emergencies made by the people’s governments at higher levels and their relevant departments and in light of the actual local conditions, make appropriate precautionary plans in response to emergencies.

　　The authority making precautionary plans in response to emergencies shall make timely modification of the same according to actual needs and changes in the situation. The procedures for making and modifying precautionary plans in response to emergencies shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 18 In a precautionary plan in response to an emergency shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and the relevant laws and regulations and in light of the nature and characteristics of the emergency and the potential social harm it may caused, be specified the organizational setup of command in response to the emergency and the duties of administration, the mechanism for prevention and early warning, the procedure for emergency handling, the guarantee measures for emergency response, the measures for post-emergency rehabilitation and reconstruction, etc.

　　Article 19 Urban or rural planning shall meet the need for prevention and handling of an emergency, overall arrangement shall be made for the equipment and infrastructure necessitated for emergency response, and the sites of shelters for emergency shall be rationally located.

　　Article 20 The people’s government at the county level shall, within its administrative area, check and register the sources of danger, which are liable to give rise to natural disasters, calamitous accidents and public health accidents, and the dangerous areas, assess the risks, regularly inspect and monitor such sources and areas, and order the units concerned to take safety and prevention measures.

　　The people’s government of a province or of a city divided into districts shall, within its administrative area, check and register the sources of danger, which are liable to give rise to especially serious or serious emergencies, and the dangerous areas, and assess the risks, organize inspection and monitoring of such sources and areas, and order the units concerned to take safety and prevention measures.

　　The sources of danger and the dangerous areas registered according to the provisions of this Law by the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with State regulations, be made known to the public in a timely manner.

　　Article 21 The people’s governments at the county level and their relevant departments, the people’s governments at the township level, the neighbourhood offices, the residents’ committees and the villagers’ committees shall, in a timely manner, mediate and handle the conflicts and disputes which may cause incidents endangering public security.

　　Article 22 Every unit shall establish a sound safety control system, regularly inspect the implementation of all its safety and prevention measures, and eliminate the hidden dangers in a timely manner; it shall grasp the problems existing in the unit which may cause incidents endangering public security and deal with them in a timely manner, in order to prevent the conflicts from intensifying and the situation from going out of control; and it shall report, in a timely manner and as required, the emergency which may occur in the unit and the safety and prevention measures taken therefor to the people’s government or its relevant department at the place where the unit is located. Article 23 Mines, construction units, and the units manufacturing, distributing, storing, transporting or using such hazardous articles as inflammable and explosive substances, hazardous chemicals and radioactive substances shall make precautionary plans in response to specific emergencies, conduct screening inspection of the production and business premises and the buildings and structures where hazardous articles are placed and the peripheries, to see if there are hidden dangers, and take timely measures to eliminate them, if any, in order to prevent the occurrence of emergencies.

 

　　Article 24 The units that operate or manage public means of transportation, public places or other places with a high concentration of people shall make precautionary plans in response to specific emergencies, install alarm devices and the necessary emergency rescue and relief equipment and facilities on the means of transportation and in the relevant places, clearly indicate their usage, mark the passages and routes for safe evacuation, and ensure that the safety passages and exits are unblocked.

　　The relevant units shall have the alarm devices and the emergency rescue and relief equipment and facilities regularly checked and maintained, in order that they are kept in good repair and ready for normal use.

　　Article 25 People’s governments at or above the county level shall establish a sound training system for control of emergencies and provide regular training to the staff members of the people’s governments and of their relevant departments who are charged with the duty to handle emergencies.

　　Article 26 People’s governments at or above the county level shall mobilize their resources for emergency response, and organize or designate teams for all-round emergency rescue and relief. The relevant departments of the people’s governments may, in light of actual need, organize professional teams for emergency rescue and relief.

　　People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments may organize emergency rescue teams which are composed of adult volunteers. Each unit shall organize a full-time or part-time team for emergency rescue, which is composed of the staff members of the unit.

　　People’s governments at or above the county level shall help strengthen cooperation between professional and non-professional teams for emergency rescue, by conducting joint trainings and drills, in order to increase their ability of combined and coordinated response to emergencies.

　　Article 27 The relevant departments of the State Council, and of the local people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments, and the units concerned shall purchase life and accident insurance for professional emergency rescuers, and provide them with the necessary protective gears and instruments to reduce the personal risks of the emergency rescuers.

　　Article 28 The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and the militia shall, in a planned way, organize and conduct special training for emergency rescue.

　　Article 29 People’s governments at the county level and their relevant departments, people’s governments at the township level, and the neighbourhood offices shall organize and conduct dissemination of the knowledge on emergency response and the necessary emergency response drills.

　　The residents’ committees, villagers’ committees, enterprises and institutions shall, in compliance with the requirements of the people’ government at the place where they are located and in light of their respective actual conditions, conduct dissemination of the knowledge on emergency response and the necessary emergency response drills.

　　The news media shall, for the public good, disseminate gratis the knowledge on prevention of and response to emergencies, and on self-rescue and mutual rescue.

　　Article 30 Different types of schools at various levels shall include the knowledge on emergency response in their teaching curriculums, and educate students in the said knowledge, in order to help them foster their awareness of the importance of safety and acquire the ability of self-rescue and mutual rescue.

　　The departments in charge of education shall give guidance to and supervise the schools in their efforts to spread knowledge on emergency response among the students.

　　Article 31 The State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall take fiscal measures to guarantee provision of the funds needed for emergency response.

　　Article 32 The State establishes a sound guarantee system for material reserves for emergency response, and improve the system of control, production, reservation, allocation and urgent distribution of the important materials for emergency response.

　　People’s governments at or above the level of a city divided into districts, and people’s governments at the county level where emergencies are liable to occur or occur frequently, shall establish a system for reservation of materials for emergency rescue, of the daily necessities and of the gears for emergency handling.

　　Local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in light of their actual local conditions, sign agreements with the enterprises concerned to ensure the production and supply of the materials for emergency rescue, of daily necessities and of the gears for emergency handling.

　　Article 33 The State establishes a sound guarantee system for emergency communications, improve the public communications network, build an emergency communications system whereby wired and wireless communications are combined and the basic telecommunications network is integrated with the mobile communications system, in order to ensure unblocked communications for emergency response.

　　Article 34 The State encourages citizens, legal persons and other organizations to provide materials, funds and technical support and make donations to the people’s governments for the work on response to emergencies.

　　Article 35 The State develops the insurance industry, establishes a risk insurance system for huge disasters, which is financed by the government, and encourages units and citizens to purchase insurance.

　　Article 36 The State encourages and supports the teaching and scientific research institutions which meet the appropriate conditions to train people to become professionals in administration of emergency response, and encourages and supports such institutions and the enterprises concerned to research and develop new technologies, equipment and instruments for prevention, monitoring and early warning of emergencies and for emergency handling and rescue.

　　Chapter III Monitoring and Early Warning

　　Article 37 The State Council shall establish a unified national information system for emergencies.

　　Local people’s governments at or above the county level shall establish or designate unified local information systems for emergencies, to collect, store, analyze and transmit information on emergencies, and to have their systems interconnected with the emergency information systems of the people’s governments at higher levels and their relevant departments, the people’s governments at lower levels and their relevant departments, the specialized institutions and the emergency monitoring networks, in order to strengthen inter-departmental and inter-regional exchange of information and intelligence cooperation.

　　Article 38 People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments and the specialized institutions shall collect information on emergencies through a variety of channels.

　　The people’s governments at the county level shall establish a full-time or part-time information reporter system in the resident&r